Frequently Asked Questions from Real Food for Real People

Some Abbreviations

Equivalent Chart

3 tsp.	1 Tbsp.
2 Tbsp.	1/8 cup
4 Tbsp.	1/4 cup
8 Tbsp.	1/2 cup
16 Tbsp.	1 cup
5 Tbsp. + 1 tsp.	1/3 cup
12 Tbsp.	3/4 cup
4 oz.	1/2 cup
8 oz.	1 cup
16 oz.	1 lb.
1 oz.	2 Tbsp. fat or liquid
2 cups	1 pint
2 pt.	1 qt.
1 qt.	4 cups
5/8 cup	1/2 cup + 2 Tbsp.
7/8 cup	3/4 cups + 2 Tbsp.
1 jigger	1-1/2 fluid oz. (3 Tbsp.)
8 - 10 egg whites	1 cup
12 - 14 egg yolks	1 cup
1 cup unwhipped cream	2 cups whipped cream
1 lb. shredded American Cheese	4 cups
1/4 lb. crumbled Bleu cheese	1 cup
1 lemon	3 Tbsp. juice
1 orange	1/3 cup juice
1 lb. unshelled walnuts	1-1/2 to 1-3/4 cups shelled
2 cups fat	1 lb.
1 lb. butter or margarine	2 cups or 4 sticks/cubes
2 cups granulated sugar	1 lb.
3-1/2 - 4 cups unsifted powdered sugar	1 lb.
2-1/4 cups packed brown sugar	1 lb.
4 cups sifted flour	1 lb.
4-1/2 cups cake flour	1 lb.
3-1/2 cups unsifed whole wheat flour	1 lb.
4 oz. (1-1/2 to 2 cups) uncooked macaroni	2-1/4 cups cooked
7 oz. spaghetti	4 cups cooked
4 oz. (1-1/2 to 2 cups) uncooked noodles	2 cups cooked
28 saltine crackers	1 cup crumbs
4 slices bread	1 cups crumbs
14 squares graham crackers	1 cup crumbs
22 vanilla wafers	1 cup crumbs

Substitutions for a Missing Ingredient

1 square Chocolate (1 ounce)	3 or 4 Tbsp. cocoa + 1/2 Tbsp. fat
1 Tbsp. Cornstarch (for thickening)	2 Tbsp. Flour or 2 tsp. Arrowroot
1 cup sifted all-purpose flour	1 cup plus 2 Tbsp. sifted cake flour
1 cup sifted cake flour	1 cup minus 2 Tbsp. sifted all-purpose flour
1 tsp. Baking Powder	1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/2 tsp.cream of tartar
1 cup sour Milk	1 cup sweet milk into which 1 Tbsp. of vinegar or lemon juice has been stirred; or 1 cup butterminlk (let stand 5 minutes)
1 cup sweet Milk	1 cup sour milk or buttermilk plus 1/2 tsp. baking soda
3/4 cup cracker crumbs	1 cup bread crumbs
1 cup cream, sour, heavy	1/3 cup butter and 2/3 cup milk in any sour milk recipe
1 tsp.dried herbs	1 Tbsp. fresh herbs
1 cup whole milk	1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water or 1 cup reconstituted nonfat dry milk and 1 Tbsp. butter
1 pkg. active dry yeast	1 cake compressed yeast or 2-3/4 tsp. dry yeast
1 Tbsp. instant minced onion	1 small fresh onion
1/8 tsp. garlic powder	1 small pressed/minced clove of garlic
1 lb. whole dates	1-1/2 cups pitted and cut dates
3 medium bananas	1 cup mashed bananas
3 cps dry corn flakes	1 cup crushed corn flakes
10 miniature marshmallows	1 large marshmallow
Vegetable Shortening	Lard, Butter, Margarine, Coconut Oil (hardened)

General Oven Chart